Introduction
As a parent, it is important to understand what specific learning disabilities (SpLD) are and how they can affect your child's education. Specific learning disabilities refer to difficulties in one or more areas of academic learning, such as reading, writing or math. These difficulties are not due to intellectual or developmental disabilities, but rather due to differences in the way the brain processes information.
It is important to understand specific learning disabilities because they can impact your child's academic performance and self-esteem. Without proper support and accommodations, these difficulties can lead to frustration, low self-esteem, and even behavioural problems. However, with the right interventions and support, children with specific learning disabilities can succeed academically and thrive.
In the following article, we will explore the different types of specific learning disabilities, how to recognize the signs of a specific learning disability, and what steps to take if you suspect your child has a specific learning disability. We will also address common myths about specific learning disabilities and provide guidance on how to support your child if they are diagnosed with a specific learning disability.
Table of Contents
Some Interesting Facts about Specific Learning Disabilities
· According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 10% of the global population, or about 700 million people, have some form of disability, including learning disabilities.
· In the United States, about 5-15% of the population is estimated to have a learning disability, according to the National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD).
· Learning disabilities are more common among males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of about 3:1.
· Dyslexia, a type of specific learning disability that affects reading, is the most commonly diagnosed learning disability worldwide, affecting about 10% of the population.
· Despite the challenges associated with learning disabilities, with proper support and accommodations, individuals with these disabilities can succeed academically and professionally and lead fulfilling lives.
· Research has shown that early intervention and support can greatly improve outcomes for individuals with learning disabilities.
Types of Specific Learning Disabilities
Now that we have a basic understanding of what specific learning disabilities (SpLDs) are, let's take a closer look at some of the most common types. Specific learning disabilities are classified based on the area of learning that is affected.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a type of SpLD that affects a child's ability to read, write and spell. It is a language-based disorder that makes it difficult for children to recognize and decode words. In addition to difficulty with reading and language, there are also types of dyslexia that affect numbers, known as dyslexia with numbers. Dyslexia can cause frustration and difficulty with academic work, but early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can help children overcome these challenges.
Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia is another type of SpLD that affects a child's ability to write. Children with dysgraphia often have difficulty with handwriting, spelling and organizing their thoughts on paper. They may also struggle with fine motor skills, which can make writing difficult and time-consuming.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is an SpLD that affects a child's ability to understand and manipulate numbers. This must not be confused with dyslexia with numbers which focuses only on difficulties in recognizing and working with numbers. Children with dyscalculia may have difficulty with basic math concepts, such as counting, adding, and subtracting, in addition to struggles with numbers. They may also have trouble with more advanced concepts, such as fractions and algebra.
Dyspraxia/Developmental Coordination Disorder
Dyspraxia, also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is an SpLD that affects a child's motor coordination and planning. Children with dyspraxia may have difficulty with tasks that require coordination, such as tying shoelaces, using scissors, or riding a bike. They may also struggle with fine motor skills, such as handwriting and drawing.
Following Table Summarizes the SpLD's with Examples
Specific Learning Disability | Definition | May Struggle with |
|---|---|---|
Dyslexia | A reading disorder that affects a person's ability to decode words, recognize word meanings, and understand written language. |
|
Dysgraphia | A writing disorder that affects a person's ability to write legibly and fluently, and express themselves in writing. |
|
Dyscalculia | A math disorder that affects a person's ability to understand and work with numbers. |
|
Dyspraxia/Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) | A disorder that affects a
person's motor coordination, planning, and execution of movements.
|
|
It's important to note that while these are some of the most common types of SpLDs, there are many others that children may experience. It's also possible for a child to have multiple SpLDs at once. If you suspect that your child may have an SpLD, it's important to talk to their teacher or a qualified professional for an evaluation.
Signs of Specific Learning Disabilities
As a parent, you may notice that your child is struggling in certain areas, such as reading, writing or math. These difficulties may be signs of a specific learning disability. Here are some common signs to look out for:
Difficulty with reading, writing and/or math: Children with specific learning disabilities often have difficulty with one or more of these skills. For example, your child may struggle to read and spell words correctly, or have trouble understanding math concepts.
Trouble with organization and following directions: Children with learning disabilities may have difficulty with planning, organizing and completing tasks. They may also have trouble following directions, which can make it difficult for them to complete assignments and participate in class.
Challenges with memory and attention: Learning disabilities can also impact a child's memory and attention span. Your child may have trouble remembering information or become easily distracted during class.
Struggles with social skills and communication: Some children with learning disabilities may also have difficulty with social skills and communication. They may struggle to make friends, understand social cues and express themselves effectively.
If you notice any of these signs in your child, it's important to speak with their teacher or a healthcare professional. They can help you determine if your child has a specific learning disability and provide recommendations for support and resources.
Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disabilities
If you suspect that your child may have a specific learning disability, it is important to seek a professional evaluation. This evaluation process typically involves a series of tests and assessments conducted by a qualified professional, such as a school psychologist or neuropsychologist.
Evaluation process
The evaluation process can vary depending on the specific learning disability being assessed, but it generally involves measures of cognitive abilities, academic achievement and social and emotional functioning. The results of the evaluation can help identify specific strengths and weaknesses, as well as areas in which your child may need additional support.
Severity levels
Once a diagnosis has been made, the professional will typically provide information about the severity level of the specific learning disability. Severity levels can range from mild to severe, and can help guide decisions about appropriate interventions and accommodations.
It is important to note that the evaluation process and diagnosis should be conducted by a qualified professional, as specific learning disabilities can be complex and require specialized expertise.
Reluctance to Accept the Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disabilities
Some parents may be hesitant to accept that their child has a specific learning disability due to various reasons such as fear of stigmatization, guilt or denial.
For instance, a parent may feel guilty about their child's learning difficulties and believe that they are responsible for their child's struggles.
Alternatively, a parent may feel that acknowledging their child's disability will limit their opportunities and future prospects. This reluctance can have significant implications for the child, as early intervention and appropriate support can significantly improve their academic and social outcomes.
It is important for parents to understand that specific learning disabilities are not the result of poor parenting or a lack of effort from the child and seeking help can ultimately benefit their child's overall well-being.
Specific learning disabilities are not the result of poor parenting or a lack of effort from the child
Also, we see that often teachers recognize the signs of a specific learning disability in their students before parents do. This also can be a difficult reality for some parents to accept when teachers try to communicate the same. But, it's important to remember that teachers have extensive experience working with children and may be able to identify areas where a child is struggling academically.
Learning disabilities can be discovered in school because of difficulties with academic work, but they can also have an impact beyond the classroom. Family relationships can be strained and daily life at home and at work can be affected.
It's important for parents to be open and willing to work with educators and specialists to help their children overcome any challenges they may face.
What to Do if You Notice Signs of a Specific Learning Disability
If you notice that your child is struggling in school, it may be a sign of a specific learning disability. Here are some steps you can take to help your child:
Take notes
Start by taking notes about your child's behavior and academic performance. This can help you identify any patterns or areas where your child is struggling.
Talk to your child's teacher
Your child's teacher can provide valuable insight into your child's performance in the classroom. Discuss your concerns with them and ask for their observations.
Request an evaluation
If you suspect that your child has a specific learning disability, you can request an evaluation from the school. This evaluation can help identify any potential learning disabilities and determine what support your child may need.
Be proactive and trust your gut
If you feel that something is not quite right, trust your instincts and take action. The earlier you address any potential learning disabilities, the better chance your child has of getting the support they need to succeed.
What to Do if Your Child is Diagnosed with a Specific Learning Disability
If your child has been diagnosed with a specific learning disability, there are steps you can take to ensure that they receive the support they need to succeed. Here are some tips on what to do if your child is diagnosed with a specific learning disability:
Get to know your child's specific diagnosis
Learning disabilities can manifest in different ways, and it's important to understand your child's specific diagnosis. Talk to your child's doctor or specialist about what their diagnosis means and what kinds of challenges your child may face.
Find a specialist
You may need to seek out a specialist who can help your child with their specific learning disability. This may include a special education teacher, a speech-language pathologist or an occupational therapist.
Request classroom accommodations
Your child may be eligible for accommodations in the classroom to help them succeed. This could include things like extra time on tests, access to assistive technology, or preferential seating.
Create an individualized education plan (IEP)
An IEP is a written plan that outlines the specific goals and accommodations that your child needs to succeed in school. It's important to work with your child's school to create an IEP that meets their unique needs.
Remember, a diagnosis of a specific learning disability does not mean that your child can't succeed. With the right support and resources, your child can thrive both academically and personally.
Common Specific Learning Disability Myths
As a parent, it's important to understand the truth about specific learning disabilities and dispel common myths. Here are some of the most common myths about specific learning disabilities and the truth behind them:
Myth #1: Children with specific learning disabilities are lazy or not trying hard enough.
Truth: Specific learning disabilities are neurological differences that affect how a child processes information. Children with specific learning disabilities are not lazy or unmotivated, but rather may need extra support and accommodations to help them learn in a way that works for them.
Children with specific learning disabilities are not lazy or unmotivated, but rather may need extra support and accommodations to help them learn
Myth #2: Specific learning disabilities only affect children with low intelligence.
Truth: Specific learning disabilities have nothing to do with intelligence. Many children with specific learning disabilities are bright and capable but may struggle with specific tasks such as reading, writing or math.
Myth #3: Children with specific learning disabilities will never be able to learn or succeed in life.
Truth: With the right support and accommodations, children with specific learning disabilities can succeed in school and in life. Many successful individuals, including entrepreneurs, artists, and athletes, have specific learning disabilities.
Myth #4: Specific learning disabilities are caused by bad parenting or poor teaching.
Truth: Specific learning disabilities are neurological differences that are not caused by bad parenting or poor teaching. However, parents and teachers can play an important role in identifying and supporting children with specific learning disabilities.
By understanding the truth about specific learning disabilities and debunking common myths, parents can better support their children and help them succeed.
SpLDs and Neurodiversity
Understanding the neurodiversity paradigm
As we learn more about specific learning disabilities (SpLDs), it's important to recognize that every child has a unique way of learning. The neurodiversity paradigm acknowledges this diversity and recognizes that SpLDs are not a result of a child's inability to learn but rather a difference in how they learn. This paradigm is crucial in promoting inclusivity and removing the stigma associated with SpLDs.
Importance of accommodating diverse learning styles
Neurodiversity recognizes that every child has strengths and weaknesses and that accommodating diverse learning styles is essential in helping them achieve their full potential. By acknowledging and embracing these differences, we can create a learning environment that meets the needs of all students. For example, a child with dyslexia may need additional support with reading and writing, but they may excel in other areas such as creativity or problem-solving.
It's important to understand that the neurodiversity paradigm is not about lowering expectations or accepting poor performance but rather recognizing that every child has unique abilities and challenges. By embracing neurodiversity, we can create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment that helps children with SpLDs succeed.
How to Carry Out an SpLD Assessment
If you suspect that your child may have a specific learning disability (SpLD), it's important to have them assessed as soon as possible. An assessment can help identify your child's strengths and weaknesses, and provide recommendations for strategies and accommodations to support their learning.
Strategies for carrying out an SpLD assessment:
Consult with a professional: It's important to work with a professional, such as an educational psychologist or a specialist teacher, who has experience in assessing SpLDs. They can help determine which assessments to use and interpret the results. Use a variety of assessment methods: A comprehensive assessment should include a range of assessment methods, such as standardized tests, informal observations, and interviews with the child, parents, and teachers. Assess different areas of functioning: SpLDs can impact different areas of functioning, such as reading, writing, and math. It's important to assess each of these areas to determine the nature and extent of the learning difficulty. Consider the child's developmental history: The assessment should take into account the child's developmental history, including any medical or psychological factors that may impact their learning. Consider the child's cultural and linguistic background: The assessment should also consider the child's cultural and linguistic background to ensure that the assessment methods used are appropriate and sensitive to their needs.
Other Conditions to Watch Out For
Parents should be aware that there are other conditions besides specific learning disabilities that can impact their child's academic and social development.
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD):
This is a condition in which the brain has difficulty processing auditory information. This can make it challenging for a child to follow directions, distinguish speech from background noise, and interpret tone of voice. Symptoms of APD may include difficulty understanding rapid speech, frequent requests for repetition and a tendency to misunderstand instructions.
Language Processing Disorder (LPD):
This refers to difficulties in understanding and using language effectively. This can include difficulties with reading, writing, and speaking, as well as understanding and interpreting language. Symptoms of LPD may include difficulty remembering vocabulary words, struggling to express thoughts coherently, and difficulty in understanding figurative language.
Non-Verbal Learning Disability (NVLD):
This is a type of learning disability that affects a child's ability to understand nonverbal cues and social interactions. Children with NVLD may have difficulty with spatial awareness, motor coordination and executive functioning skills, which can impact their ability to navigate social situations and perform well in school. Symptoms of NVLD may include difficulty with math and spatial reasoning, challenges with organizing and planning and difficulties with making friends and understanding social cues.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):
Children with ADHD may struggle with attention and impulse control, making it difficult for them to focus in class and follow directions.
Special Educational Needs (SEN):
Children with SEN may have difficulties with communication, social interaction and sensory processing.
These conditions can often co-occur with specific learning disabilities, further complicating a child's academic journey. Therefore, it's important for parents to be aware of these conditions and work closely with their child's educators and healthcare providers to ensure that their child receives appropriate support and accommodations for the specific condition.
FAQ
What are some common signs of specific learning disabilities in children?
Some common signs include difficulty with reading, writing, math or understanding spoken language, trouble following instructions and poor memory skills.
What are the characteristics of specific learning difficulties?
What are examples of specific learning disorders?
What causes specific learning disability?
What is the most common specific learning disorder?
How is specific learning disability diagnosed?
Is specific learning disability a disorder?
Can specific learning disabilities be cured?
What is the most common treatment for learning disabilities?
How can I help my child with a specific learning disability at home?
What should I do if I suspect my child has a specific learning disability?
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